If by microbiota we mean the population of microorganisms that colonizes a specific environment of the human body, such as the gut, the term microbiome refers to the genetic make-up of the microbiota, i.e. all the DNA and RNA of the microorganisms. THE SECRET
OF LONGEVITY
Nose Mouth and throat Lungs Gut Sexual Organs Skin Your Microbiota TAKE THE TEST Find out more about your microbiota! (1) Sitography at the foot of the page
The nose is a fundamental organ in the respiratory and olfactory system. Its main function is heating, humidifying, and filtering inhaled air to protect the lungs from allergens, bacteria, and pollutants. These potentially harmful particles are trapped in the nasal cavities by the vibrissae (nasal hairs), mucus, and microorganisms such as Cutibacterium, Moraxella, and Staphylococcus epidermidis that help fight pathogens and preserve respiratory health. NOSE TAKE THE TEST Find out more about your microbiota! (2) Sitography at the foot of the page The mouth is a key organ in the ingestion of food, liquids, for speech and respiration. The microorganisms that reside in the different regions of the mouth, such as the tongue, teeth, and cheeks, vary widely, but it is the oral bacteria that constitute the main component of the oral microbiota. The most common oral bacteria include Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus. MOUTH AND THROAT TAKE THE TEST Find out more about your microbiota! (3) Sitography at the foot of the page The gut is an organ that performs several important functions for the body including moving and breaking down food along the gastrointestinal tract, and absorbing water and major nutrients. In particular, it uses its complex physiological structure (intestinal villi) and a vast number of bacteria, which make up the intestinal microbiota, to perform these functions. The main microorganisms that make up the gut microbiota include mainly obligate anaerobic bacteria of the genera Bacteroides, Eubacterium, Propionibacterium, and Fusobacterium. GUT TAKE THE TEST Find out more about your microbiota! (4) Sitography at the foot of the page The lungs are the most important organs of the respiratory system. They are important for the functioning of the cardiovascular system and are populated by several bacterial populations including predominantly Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacteria, and Veillonella, with minor contributions from potential pathogens including Haemophilus and Neisseria. In addition to their protective functions against pathogens, the microorganisms are useful for their lubricating functions of the lungs tissues and proper respiration. LUNGS TAKE THE TEST Find out more about your microbiota! (1) Sitography at the foot of the page The sexual organs are the center of two important systems: endocrine and urinary. Through the production of hormones and the excretion of toxins, they maintain the individual's homeostasis. The bacterial flora is very diverse, e.g. in the case of the female microbiota, this consists mainly of commensal bacteria, predominantly Lactobacilli, which create an acidic environment to protect the female reproductive tract from pathogens. SEXUAL
ORGANS
TAKE THE TEST Find out more about your microbiota! (6) (7) Sitography at the foot of the page
Our skin is the largest organ in our body with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation. It is home to millions of microorganisms that make up the skin microbiota. Skin microorganisms play essential roles and are predominantly dominated by lipophilic Propionibacterium species, while bacteria that thrive in wet environments, such as Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium species, are abundant in wet areas, such as the bends of the elbows and feet. SKIN TAKE THE TEST Find out more about your microbiota! (8) Sitography at the foot of the page
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Nose

The nose is an important entry point for harmful bacteria and viruses. Microbes in the nose – including Cutibacterium, Moraxella, and Staphylococcus epidermidis – help fight these invaders and stimulate mucus production.

Mouth and throat

The microbes living in the various areas of the mouth – tongue, teeth, cheeks – are very different. Dental plaque is composed of bacteria such as Streptococcus. The microbes living in the throat are similar to those in the mouth and nose.

Lungs

In most cases, the body tries to keep microbes out of the lungs. Although some bacteria, such as Veillonella, Prevotella e Streptococcus, can help lubricate lung tissues.

Gut

Current research suggests that gut microbiome can impact every aspects of our health. The colon is home to almost 90% of all microorganism in the human body and about 70% of our immune cells reside there. Some are well known such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and l’Escherichia coli.

Sexual organs

The sexual organs, and especially the vagina, are inhabited by microbes such as Lattobacilli that help maintain a low pH and can produce Hâ‚‚Oâ‚‚ to keep bad bacteria in check.

Skin

The skin is the largest organ and therefore has a wide variety of microorganisms, especially Staphylococcus e Propionibacterium. The microbiome in our skin is the first line of defense against pathogens. The skin microbiome changes with age or can be altered by swimming in ocean water.

What is Microbiota and what is the difference with Microbiome?

While Microbiota refers to the population of microorganisms that colonizes a specific environment of the human body, such as the gut, the term Microbiome refers to the genetic make-up of the microbiota, i.e. all the DNA and RNA of the microorganisms.

Which factors influence the composition of the microbiota?

The role of bacteria in inflammatory, immune, and metabolic processes is acknowledged. Factors such as disease or genetic factors, environmental pollution, unbalanced diet and hormonal imbalances can lead to changes in our microbiota.

Genetics: the blood group we belong to (A, B, 0, AB), as well as other genetic factors, influences the strains that colonize our gut, such as Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium spp.

Environment: the presence of pollutants in the air can lead to a decrease in the bacteria that colonize the gut, such as Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Ruminococci, Bacteroides, and Firmicutes, which effectively fight pathogens. A healthy environment, on the other hand, promotes their growth.

Lifestyle: our lifestyle (diet, physical activity, and stress levels) modulates the growth of the naturally occurring bacterial populations in the gut (Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Ruminococci, Bacteroides, and Firmicutes) through mineral intake or the endogenous production of substances that serve for the development of these bacteria.

Hormones: hormones influence several natural physiological functions such as reproductive functions, mood, and sleep. A healthy microbiota helps maintain the balance of these functions, for example by improving the absorption of nutrients in food.

(9) (10) (11) Sitography at the foot of the page.

The gut is the largest immune organ
in the human body

Do you want to find out more about your Microbiota?

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1. How many hours do you sleep each night?
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How many times per week do you eat foods high saturated fat food?
How many cigarettes do you smoke per day?
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